March 10

• March 10, 1198
  Giralda, a bell tower in Seville, Spain, is built as a Muslim minaret
• March 10, 1734
  Spanish army under Charles III of Spain draws into Naples
• March 10, 1762
  Jean Calas, a French protestant, is tortured and executed in Toulouse on the charge that he has killed his son to prevent him from converting to Catholicismm, who actually made a suicide
• March 10, 1793
  After the failure of the French arms in the Austrian Netherlands the National Convention decrees on a proposal by Georges Danton that there should be established in Paris an extraordinary criminal tribunal, later received the official name of the Revolutionary Tribunal
• March 10, 1814
  Napoleon Bonaparte is defeated by a combined Allied Army at the battle of Laon, in France
• March 10, 1820
  Royal Astronomical Society is founded in England
• March 10, 1826
  Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil, attains the Portuguese throne
• March 10, 1862
  First U.S. paper money are issued without the backing of precious metals in denominations of $5, $10, $20, $50, $100, $500 and $1000
• March 10, 1876
  Alexander Graham Bell makes the first telephone call and tells his assistant over the experimental device, which converts words into electrical current and back again, "Mister Watson, come here, I want to see you"
• March 10, 1889
  In Ethiopia Emperor Yohannes IV is killed in a war against the dervishes during the Battle of Gallabat
• March 10, 1952
  Military coup by General Fulgencio Batista occurs in Cuba
• March 10, 1959
  300,000 Tibetans band together in revolt, surrounding the Norbulinka Palace of the Dalai Lama in defiance of Chinese occupation forces
• March 10, 1985
  Konstantin Chernenko, party leader and President of USSR, dies at age 73

March 9

• March 9, 1451
  Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian navigator, is born in Florence
• March 9, 1529
  Imam Ahmad Gragn defeats the Ethiopian Emperor Dawit II in the Battle of Shimbra Kure, the opening clash of the Ethiopian–Adal War
• March 9, 1617
  The Treaty of Stolbovo between Sweden and Russia, with English mediation, ends the occupation of Northern Russia by Swedish troops
• March 9, 1701
  In Biržai Augustus II and Russia's Czar Peter I sign a pact in the castle to unite their forces against Sweden
• March 9, 1734
  The Russians take Gdańsk in Poland during War of the Polish Succession
• March 9, 1792
  Speculator William Duer defaults on Hamilton's freshly exchanged "Stock in the Public Funds" and causes the first American stock market crash
• March 9, 1796
  Napoleon Bonaparte marries Joséphine de Beauharnais in Paris
• March 9, 1847
  United States forces under General Winfield Scott invade Mexico almost with no resistance and start a 20-day siege of Veracruz, the key Mexican seaport
• March 9, 1932
  Éamon de Valera becomes President of the Executive Council, or prime minister, of the Irish Free State
• March 9, 1933
  United States Congress passes the Emergency Banking Act, authorizing the President to confiscate gold held by American citizens, except those coins of numismatic value, to be paid $20 in paper per ounce
• March 9, 1942
  Dutch colonial authorities and all Allied forces in the Netherlands East Indies surrender unconditionally to Japan
• March 9, 1953
  Some hundreds people are killed during the stampede at funeral of Josef Stalin in Moscow
• March 9, 1959
  The first Barbie doll, Mattel's "Barbie Millicent Roberts", goes on display at the American Toy Fair in New York City and becomes the first mass-produced toy doll in the United States with adult features
• March 9, 1974
  Hiroo Onoda, the last Japanese soldier, a guerrilla operating in Philippines, surrenders, 29 years after World War II ended
• March 9, 1991
  Two people are killed during massive demonstrations held against Slobodan Milošević in Belgrade, Yugoslavia
• March 9, 1992
  The People's Republic of China ratifies the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty