July 30

• July 30, 762
  Al-Mansur, the second Abbasid caliph, founds Baghdad and makes it the capital of Abbasid Caliphate
• July 30, 1178
  Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, is crowned King of Burgundy
• July 30, 1358
  Étienne Marcel, a provost of the merchants of Paris and the leader of the Third Estate, is murdered in Paris
• July 30, 1419
  The group of the followers of Jan Hus threw the judge, the burgomaster, and some thirteen council members out of the window of the New Town Hall in Prague triggering Hussite Wars in central Europe
• July 30, 1619
  The first representative assembly in America, the House of Burgesses, becomes the first legislative assembly in America when it convened at Jamestown
• July 30, 1733
  Society of Freemasons opens first American lodge in Boston
• July 30, 1811
  Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, Mexican hero priest, is executed by Spanish firing squad during Mexican War of Independence
• July 30, 1863
  Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company and developer of the Model T, is born in Dearborn Township, Michigan
• July 30, 1864
  The town of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, is burned by Confederate forces under General John McCausland
• July 30, 1930
  The first football world cup, played in Uruguay, is won by Uruguay national football team
• July 30, 1932
  Flowers and Trees, the first commercially released film to be produced in the full-color three-strip Technicolor process, is produced by Walt Disney
• July 30, 1943
  45,000 civilians are killed and practically the entire city destroyed during bombing of Hamburg by the Royal Air Force and United States Army Air Forces
• July 30, 1971
  Lunar Rover is used after Apollo 15 landing on the moon
• July 30, 1980
  British New Hebrides becomes independent and takes name Vanuatu
• July 30, 2000
  Venezuela's president Hugo Chavez is re-elected with 59 percent of the vote
• July 30, 2012
  In the worst power outage in world history, the India blackouts leave 620 million people without power
• July 30, 2012
  In the worst power outage in world history, the India blackouts leave 620 million people without power

July 13

• July 13, 432 BC
  The Greek astronomer Meton of Athens invents the Metonic cycle for astronomy and calendar studies
• July 13, 1260
  Lithuanians defeat the joint forces of the Teutonic Knights from Prussia and Livonian Order from Livonia at the Battle of Durbe during the Livonian Crusade
• July 13, 1573
  After heavy losses on both sides the Siege of Haarlem ends in a Spanish victory
• July 13, 1585
  A group of 108 English colonists, led by Sir Richard Grenville, reach Roanoke Island in North Carolina and establish the first England's foothold in the New World
• July 13, 1643
  In England, Parliamentarians, led by Sir William Waller, are defeated by royalist troops under Lord Wilmot in the Battle of Roundway Down
• July 13, 1791
  The bones of the greatest French satirist, philosopher, and writer, Voltaire are enshrined in the Panthéon in Paris
• July 13, 1793
  French revolutionary writer Jean Paul Marat is stabbed to death in his bath by a young woman Charlotte Corday
• July 13, 1794
  Robespierre boycotts the Committee of Public Safety and the National convention after being denounced as a dictator
• July 13, 1832
  Henry Schoolcraft, an American geographer and geologist, discovers the source of the Mississippi River in Minnesota
• July 13, 1863
  Antiabolitionist Irish longshoremen rampage against blacks in the deadly Draft Riots, during which mobs lynched a black man and torched the Colored Orphan Asylum, in New York City in response to President Lincoln's announcement of military conscription
• July 13, 1878
  The Treaty of Berlin amended the terms of the Treaty of San Stefano, which has ended the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 and divides the Balkans among European powers
• July 13, 1985
  Live Aid rock concert is staged in London, Philadelphia, Moscow and Sydney to raise for famine relief in Ethiopia
• July 13, 1995
  Srebrenica massacre, the genocidal killing of more than 8,000 Bosniaks during the Bosnian War, ends
• July 13, 2014
  The 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil is won by Germany

June 30

• June 30, 827
  The allied fleets of Muslims lands in southwestern Sicily beginning the Muslim conquest of Sicily
• June 30, 1097
  The Crusaders defeat the Turks at Battle of Dorylaeum
• June 30, 1520
  Moctezuma II is murdered by the Aztec as Spanish conquistadors under Cortez fled the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan during the night and begin to plunder gold
• June 30, 1859
  French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope as 5,000 spectators watch
• June 30, 1893
  Excelsior Diamond, the second largest rough diamond of gem quality ever found, is discovered at the Jagersfontein Mine in South Africa
• June 30, 1894
  Tower Bridge, a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London which crosses the River Thames, is opened
• June 30, 1908
  The Tunguska event near Tunguska River in central Siberia, Russia, later conjectured to be a meteorite strike, explodes 5-10 km above the forest and devastates thousands of square kilometers of Siberia
• June 30, 1923
  New Zealand claims Ross Dependency in Antarctica
• June 30, 1960
  Belgian Congo gains independence from Belgium as Republic of the Congo, triggering Congo Crisis, a conflict between nationalist faction under Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba and leader of country Mobutu Sese Seko
• June 30, 1963
  Cardinal Montini elected Pope Paul VI, 262nd head of Roman Catholic Church
• June 30, 1971
  Three cosmonauts die as Soyuz 11 depressurizes during reentry
• June 30, 1997
  Collapse of the currency of Thailand sparks the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis
• June 30, 2002
  Brazil national football team wins its fifth championship at the FIFA World Cup, held in South Korea and Japan

June 13

• June 13, 323 BC
  Alexander the Great dies of fever after a feast in Babylon, which causes wars of the Diadochoi, his generals and friends, in the Empire
• June 13, 40
  Gnaeus Julius Agricola, a Roman general and governor of Britain, is born
• June 13, 1381
  During the Revolt of Peasants the rebels enter London and, joined by many local townsfolk, attack the gaols, destroy the Savoy Palace and the Temple Inns of Court
• June 13, 1886
  King Ludwig II, King of Bavaria, drowns in Lake Starnberg and is found floating dead with his doctor
• June 13, 1886
  A swift fire destroys Vancouver, Canada, in a time variously reported between twenty and forty-five minutes consuming about 1,000 wooden buildings, virtually the entire city
• June 13, 1956
  Real Madrid wins the first season of the European Cup, UEFA's premier club football tournament