August 3

• August 3, 1492
  Christopher Columbus sets sail from Palos de la Frontera, Spain for "Indies"
• August 3, 1553
  Mary Tudor, the new Queen of England, enters London
• August 3, 1596
  David Fabricius discovers light variation of Mira, first variable star
• August 3, 1610
  Henry Hudson of England discovers a great bay on the east coast of Canada and names it for himself
• August 3, 1692
  French forces under Marshal Luxembourg defeat a joint English-Scottish-Dutch-German army at the Battle of Steenkerque in the Netherlands
• August 3, 1778
  The Teatro alla Scala, a famous opera house, built by Giuseppe Piermarini in neo-Classical style by order of Empress Maria Theresa, is inaugurated in Milan
• August 3, 1795
  A defeated Indian coalition meat with General Anthony Wayne in a treaty council at Greenville, Ohio and cede to the United States large parts of modern-day Ohio
• August 3, 1940
  The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic is officially incorporated into the Soviet Union
• August 3, 1958
  USS Nautilus, the world's first operational nuclear-powered submarine, complete a submerged transit to the North Pole
• August 3, 1960
  Niger gains independence from France
• August 3, 2005
  Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the leader of coalition of conservative political groups, becomes President of Iran
• August 3, 2008
  A stampede at a Hindu temple at Naina Devi in Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, India kills 162 and injures 400

July 19

• July 19, 64
  The Great Fire begins in Rome and destroys ten of the fourteen districts of city during next six days, which lets Roman Emperor Nero to blame Christians and begins persecutions of them
• July 19, 1553
  15-year-old Lady Jane Grey, daughter of John Dudley, the Duke of Northumberland, is deposed as Queen of England after claiming the crown for nine days; Mary, the daughter of King Henry VIII, is s proclaimed Queen
• July 19, 1610
  Polish King Wladyslaw IV Vasa is crowned Tsar of Russia
• July 19, 1821
  The coronation of George IV of England is held
• July 19, 1834
  Edgar Degas, French impressionist painter, is born
• July 19, 1870
  Emperor Napoleon III of France declares war on Germany under Otto von Bismarck beginning Franco-Prussian War, which results in the unifications of Germany and Italy and the emergence of a New Imperialism
• July 19, 1943
  Allied air forces raid Rome, Italy
• July 19, 1970
  Edward Heath becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
• July 19, 1975
  Apollo, an Apollo spacecraft, and Soviet spacecraft Soyuz 19, linked in orbit for two days, separate
• July 19, 1993
  President Bill Clinton announces "don't ask, don't tell" policy concerning gays serving in the U.S. military
• July 19, 2009
  Amateur astronomer Anthony Wesley discovers impact on Jupiter that causes a black spot in the planet's atmosphere