July 29

• July 29, 1613
  The Globe Theatre, a 20-sided timber building for Shakespeare's plays, is destroyed by fire during a performance of "Henry VIII", but no one is hurt
• July 29, 1693
  The Army of the Grand Alliance is destroyed by the French at the Battle of Neerwinden in the Netherlands
• July 29, 1773
  A large earthquake destroys so much of Antigua that the Spanish move away and built a new capital on a plateau 30 miles away that becomes Guatemala City
• July 29, 1830
  Bourbon monarchy is overthrown during the July Revolution after attempt of Charles X to limit the political and civil rights, so the ascent of his cousin Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans, becomes constitutional monarch of France
• July 29, 1875
  Peasants in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Balkans rebel against the Ottoman army
• July 29, 1914
  Russia, an Serbia's ally, orders a troop mobilization against Austria-Hungary after Austro-Hungarian forces begin to shell the Serbian capital, Belgrade
• July 29, 1958
  United States President Dwight Eisenhower signs the National Aeronautics and Space Act creating NASA, the United States government agency responsible for the civilian space program
• July 29, 1961
  Wallis and Futuna Islands becomes a French overseas territory
• July 29, 2003
  Second Liberian Civil War ends
• July 29, 2010
  Heavy monsoon rains begin to cause widespread flooding in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, killing nearly 2,000 and leaving roughly a million homeless

July 16

• July 16, 276
  Marcus Annius Florianus, emperor of Rome, is murdered
• July 16, 1099
  Crusaders herded the Jews of Jerusalem into a synagogue and set it afire during massacre
• July 16, 1212
  Spanish Christians under Alfonso VIII of Castile and Sancho VII of Navarre succeed in defeating the Moors at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, which becomes an turning point in the Reconquista and marks the end of Muslim power in Spain
• July 16, 1548
  La Paz, the seat of government of Bolivia, is founded by Spanish conquistadors
• July 16, 1647
  Masaniello, an Italian fisherman, is murdered in Naples after leading a doomed revolt against Habsburg rule
• July 16, 1769
  Father Junípero Serra, a Spanish Franciscan friar, founds Mission San Diego de Alcalá, the first mission in California
• July 16, 1774
  Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, ending their six-year war and bringing Russia for the first time to the Mediterranean as the acknowledged protector of Orthodox Christians
• July 16, 1801
  Pope Pius VII and First consul Napoleon sign Concordat of 1801, which solidifies the Roman Catholic Church as the majority church of France, but maintains religious freedom
• July 16, 1809
  The city of La Paz, modern Bolivia, proclaims independence, which becomes the earliest step of the Spanish American wars of independence
• July 16, 1867
  Joseph Monier, a French gardener, patents reinforced concrete, initially developed to strengthen flowerpots
• July 16, 1918
  Russian tzar Nicholas II, his tsarina and their five children are executed by Bolsheviks by the order of Vladimir Lenin to prevent the rescue of the Imperial Family by approaching White forces during the Russian Civil War
• July 16, 1927
  Augusto Cesar Sandino, a Nicaraguan revolutionary, begins 5.5-year war against United States occupation of Nicaragua
• July 16, 1941
  A large pocket of 16th, 19th, and 20th Armies of Soviet Union are encircled in Smolensk by the two German Panzer Groups
• July 16, 1945
  The United States successfully tests the first plutonium atomic bomb, at the Alamogordo airbase in New Mexico
• July 16, 1979
  Iraqi President Hasan al-Bakr resigns and Vice President Saddam Hussein replaces him
• July 16, 1980
  1980 Summer Olympics, boycotted by 65 countries because of the Soviet war in Afghanistan, is opened

May 30

• May 30, 1381
  Peasants' Revolt begins in Essex, England due to the high taxes resulting from the conflict with France during the Hundred Years War
• May 30, 1416
  Jerome of Prague, a Czech church reformer and one of the chief followers of Jan Hus, is burned as a heretic at the Council of Constance
• May 30, 1431
  Joan of Arc, the leader of the French army during Hundred Years War, condemned as a heretic by an English-backed church court, is burned at the stake in Rouen, France, at age 19
• May 30, 1434
  An army of Utraquists and Catholics, called the Bohemian League, defeat the radical Taborites and Orphans, led by Prokop the Great and Prokop the Lesser, who both fell in the battle of of Lipany, which marks the end of the Hussite wars
• May 30, 1498
  Columbus departs with six ships for third trip to America
• May 30, 1536
  English king Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour
• May 30, 1588
  The Spanish Armada of 130 ships with 30,000 men under Alonso Pérez de Guzmán leaves Lisbon for England
• May 30, 1635
  Emperor Ferdinand II and Electorate of Saxony representing most of the Protestant states of the Holy Roman Empire sign Peace of Prague, which effectively beings to an end the civil war aspect of the Thirty Years' War
• May 30, 1814
  In Paris, France, the Treaty of Paris is signed, bringing peace between Great Britain and her allies and France and returning France to its 1792 borders
• May 30, 1848
  Mexico ratifies the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ending Mexican–American War and giving US New Mexico, California and parts of Nevada, Utah, Arizona and Colorado in return for $15 million
• May 30, 1854
  The Kansas-Nebraska Act, passed by the US Congress, repeals the Missouri Compromise and allows people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders, opens north slavery
• May 30, 1866
  The Bartered Bride, the comic opera written by Bedřich Smetana, the father of Czech national music, is first performed at the Provisional Theatre, Prague
• May 30, 1868
  The United States establish Memorial Day, initially Decoration Day, to honor Union soldiers killed in the Civil War, later expanded to honor all soldiers killed in the service of the country
• May 30, 1896
  1,389 people die during a human stampede on Khodynka Field in Moscow, Russia during the festivities following the coronation of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II
• May 30, 1942
  1047 bombers attack Cologne, dropping 915 tons of incendiaries and 840 tons of high explosives during Operation Millennium with 41 aircraft as total loss of British planes
• May 30, 1968
  French president Charles de Gaulle dissolves the National Assembly and calls for new parliamentary elections as a result of May 1968 protests in France
• May 30, 1975
  European Space Agency, an intergovernmental organization dedicated to the exploration of space, forms

May 18

• May 18, 1096
  Peasant crusaders from France and Germany begin Pogroms of 1096, the first instance of an antisemitism in Europe touched by the First Crusade, murdering thousands of Jews in Germany
• May 18, 1160
  Eric IX, a King of Sweden, is killed by the Danish lord Magnus Henriksson
• May 18, 1291
  Egyptian Mamluks destroy Acre after a siege of 43 days ending the existence of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem
• May 18, 1604
  England and Spain agree sign the Treaty of London ending the 19 year Anglo-Spanish war
• May 18, 1619
  Hugo Grotius, a Dutch jurist who laid the foundations for international law, based on natural law, is sentenced to life in prison
• May 18, 1652
  Rhode Island try to enact first law declaring slavery illegal
• May 18, 1727
  Peter II Alekseyevich is proclaimed Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias after death of Catherine I
• May 18, 1803
  Britain declares war on France after General Napoleon Bonaparte continues interfering in Italy and Switzerland, ending Peace of Amiens and starting the Napoleonic Wars and War of the Third Coalition
• May 18, 1804
  The French Senate adopted new national constitution of France, establishing the First French Empire and proclaiming Napoleon Bonaparte emperor
• May 18, 1810
  May Revolution as part of Latin American wars of independence against Napoleonic Spain begins in Buenos Aires, Argentina, which lead to the establishment of a local government, the Primera Junta
• May 18, 1830
  Edwin Beard Budding of England signs an agreement for the manufacture of his invention, the lawn mower, in which he adopts the rotary blade in the cloth industry to grass
• May 18, 1896
  The United States Supreme Court upholds the State of Louisiana Separate Car Act in Plessy vs. Ferguson, and affirms that segregation does not constitute discrimination, establishing the doctrine of "separate but equal"
• May 18, 1899
  The First Hague Peace Conference, proposed by Nicholas II of Russia, is opened in the Netherlands as 26 nations met to ban the destruction or seizure of enemy property with no military value
• May 18, 1900
  Tonga becomes a protected state under a Treaty of Friendship with Britain, when European settlers and rival Tongan chiefs tried to oust the second king
• May 18, 1954
  Supreme Court of the United States unanimously decides the case of Brown v. Board of Education, ordering an end to racial segregation in public schools
• May 18, 1994
  Food and Drug Administration concludes that Flavr Savr, a genetically modified tomato, is safe for food use, making it the first commercially grown genetically engineered food
• May 18, 2000
  Boo.com, one of the greatest dot-com busts in history collapses in London after six months, due to lack of funds

March 8

• March 8, 1403
  Bayezid I, fourth sultan of Turkey, dies at age 42, which triggers 11 years of civil war between his sons
• March 8, 1618
  Johannes Kepler comes up with his Third Law of Planetary Motion, which captures the relationship between the distance of planets from the Sun, and their orbital periods
• March 8, 1722
  Afghan monarch Mir Mahmud Hotaki occupies Persia and overthrows the Safavid Shah Sultan Husayn, bringing Hotaki Empire to its peak
• March 8, 1782
  The Gnadenhutten massacre takes place as some 90 Christian Delaware Indians are slain by militiamen in Ohio in retaliation for raids carried out by other Indians
• March 8, 1801
  British defeat French at the Second Battle of Abukir driving them out from Abukir
• March 21, 1801
  British expeditionary corps under Sir Ralph Abercrombie defeat the French army under General Menou in the Battle of Alexandria during Anglo-Ottoman land offensive
• March 8, 1817
  New York Stock Exchange is formalized and established its first quarters in a rented room at 40 Wall Street
• March 8, 1862
  On the second day of the Battle of Pea Ridge in Arkansas, Confederate forces, including some Indian troops, under General Earl Van Dorn surprise Union troops, but the Union troops win the battle
• March 8, 1886
  German engineers Daimler and Maybach install Grandfather Clock engine into stagecoach, secretly brought into the house, making the first four-wheeled vehicle
• March 8, 1911
  International Women's Day, proposed by socialist communist leader Clara Zetkin to promote equal rights, is first celebrated in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland
• March 8, 1917
  February Revolution, involving mass demonstrations and armed clashes with police and gendarmes, breaks out in Petrograd due to a number of economic and social problems, which were compounded by the impact of World War I
• March 8, 1963
  Syrian Arab Republic Revolution Day, a military coup in Syria, is performed by the Military Committee of the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
• March 8, 1965
  First US combat forces arrive in South Vietnam, 3,500 Marines
• March 8, 1979
  Philips, a Dutch diversified technology company, publicly demonstrates compact disc, a digital optical disc data storage, for the first time
• March 8, 1980
  Tbilisi Rock Festival, the first festival of rock music in the Soviet Union, kicks off
• March 8, 2014
  Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, a Boeing 777 airliner en route to Beijing from Kuala Lumpur, disappears over the Gulf of Thailand with 239 people on board