July 3

• July 3, 987
  Hugh Capet, Duke of the Franks, elected King of Franks in Senlis, succeeds to the French Throne founding Capetian royal line in France
• July 3, 1608
  City of Quebec is founded by French explorer Samuel de Champlain as a trading post in New France, present-day Canada
• July 3, 1754
  George Washington surrenders the small, circular Fort Necessity in southwestern Pennsylvania to the French, which marks the start of the French and Indian War between the French and their allies and the English and their allies in North America
• July 3, 1778
  The Wyoming Massacre occurs during the American Revolution in the Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania as part of a British campaign against settlers in the frontier during the war, when 360 American settlers, including women and children, are killed
• July 3, 1790
  In Paris, the Marquis de Condorcet proposes granting civil rights to women
• July 3, 1844
  Ambassador Caleb Cushing successfully negotiates a commercial treaty with China that opens five Chinese ports to U.S. merchants and protects the rights of American citizens in China, the first treaty between China and the United States
• July 3, 1863
  On the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg, Confederate General George Pickett leads a 15,000-man column a mile toward USA positions at Cemetery Ridge, after an hour-long cannon bombardment, however USA artillery and infantry survive, and devastate the attacking force
• July 3, 1886
  Karl Benz, a German engineer, officially unveils the Benz Patent Motorwagen, the first purpose-built automobile propelled by an internal combustion engine
• July 3, 1918
  Mehmed VI becomes last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
• July 3, 1944
  Soviet forces liberate Minsk from Germans and destroy much of the encircled forces of German Army Group Centre during Operation Bagration
• July 3, 1962
  Algerian War ends with the independence of Algeria after 132 years of French rule
• July 3, 1988
  290 civilians are killed after the USS Vincennes shoots down Iranian Airbus Flight #655
• July 3, 2013
  President of Egypt Mohamed Morsi is deposed by the military in a coup d'état amid mass protests, leading to widespread violence

June 23

• June 23, 207 BC
  Carthage is defeated by Roman armies led by the consuls Marcus Livius and Gaius Claudius Nero in the Battle of the Metaurus, while Carthaginian general Hasdrubal is killed, which becomes key battle in the Second Punic War
• June 23, 1606
  Treaty of Vienna ends anti-Habsburg uprising in Royal Hungary
• June 23, 1757
  Forces of the East India Company led by Robert Clive defeat Indians in Battle of Plassey marking the beginning of formal British rule in India after years of commercial activity
• June 23, 1758
  British and Hanoverian armies defeat the French at Krefeld in Germany
• June 23, 1775
  First regatta is hold on Thames, England
• June 23, 1845
  The congress of the Republic of Texas vote to accept annexation by the US after 10 years as an independent republic
• June 23, 1848
  A bloody insurrection of workers in Paris, later ruthlessly suppressed by General Cavaignac, erupts to protest inflation, unemployment and corruption
• June 23, 1865
  Confederate General Stand Watie, who was also a Cherokee chief, surrenders the last sizable Confederate army at Fort Towson, in the Oklahoma Territory
• June 23, 1894
  The International Olympic Committee is created by French Baron Pierre de Coubertin with Demetrios Vikelas as its first president
• June 23, 1938
  Marineland, the world's first oceanarium, opens in Florida, United States
• June 23, 1956
  Gamal Abdel Nasser is elected president of Egypt and new constitution of Egypt is accepted at referendum
• June 23, 1960
  Food and Drug Administration, a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, approve Enovid, the first combined oral contraceptive pill, for contraceptive use
• June 23, 2010
  Marina Bay Sands, a casino-based vacation resort, is officially opened in Singapore and becomes the 2nd most expensive building in the world