March 8

• March 8, 1403
  Bayezid I, fourth sultan of Turkey, dies at age 42, which triggers 11 years of civil war between his sons
• March 8, 1618
  Johannes Kepler comes up with his Third Law of Planetary Motion, which captures the relationship between the distance of planets from the Sun, and their orbital periods
• March 8, 1722
  Afghan monarch Mir Mahmud Hotaki occupies Persia and overthrows the Safavid Shah Sultan Husayn, bringing Hotaki Empire to its peak
• March 8, 1782
  The Gnadenhutten massacre takes place as some 90 Christian Delaware Indians are slain by militiamen in Ohio in retaliation for raids carried out by other Indians
• March 8, 1801
  British defeat French at the Second Battle of Abukir driving them out from Abukir
• March 21, 1801
  British expeditionary corps under Sir Ralph Abercrombie defeat the French army under General Menou in the Battle of Alexandria during Anglo-Ottoman land offensive
• March 8, 1817
  New York Stock Exchange is formalized and established its first quarters in a rented room at 40 Wall Street
• March 8, 1862
  On the second day of the Battle of Pea Ridge in Arkansas, Confederate forces, including some Indian troops, under General Earl Van Dorn surprise Union troops, but the Union troops win the battle
• March 8, 1886
  German engineers Daimler and Maybach install Grandfather Clock engine into stagecoach, secretly brought into the house, making the first four-wheeled vehicle
• March 8, 1911
  International Women's Day, proposed by socialist communist leader Clara Zetkin to promote equal rights, is first celebrated in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland
• March 8, 1917
  February Revolution, involving mass demonstrations and armed clashes with police and gendarmes, breaks out in Petrograd due to a number of economic and social problems, which were compounded by the impact of World War I
• March 8, 1963
  Syrian Arab Republic Revolution Day, a military coup in Syria, is performed by the Military Committee of the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
• March 8, 1965
  First US combat forces arrive in South Vietnam, 3,500 Marines
• March 8, 1979
  Philips, a Dutch diversified technology company, publicly demonstrates compact disc, a digital optical disc data storage, for the first time
• March 8, 1980
  Tbilisi Rock Festival, the first festival of rock music in the Soviet Union, kicks off
• March 8, 2014
  Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, a Boeing 777 airliner en route to Beijing from Kuala Lumpur, disappears over the Gulf of Thailand with 239 people on board

March 7

• March 7, 161
  Marcus Aurelius became emperor on the death of Antoninus Pius
• March 7, 1274
  Thomas Aquinas, Italian theologian, religious writer, influenced official policy of Catholic Church, dies at age 48
• March 7, 1530
  The Pope Clement VII refuses the appeal of Henry VIII of England on permission to divorce Catherine of Aragon
• March 7, 1695
  In Britain John Trevor, the speaker of the House of Commons office, is found guilty of accepting a bribe of 1000 guineas from the City of London to aid the passage of a bill through the house, and is expelled from the House of Commons
• March 7, 1799
  Napoleon Bonaparte captures the Turkish citadel at Jaffa, Palestine and orders the massacre of thousands of imprisoned Muslim soldiers claiming that he could not feed them
• March 7, 1850
  In a three-hour speech to the United Sates Senate, Daniel Webster, an American senator from Massachusetts, endorses the Compromise of 1850 as a means to defuse a four-year confrontation between the slave states of the South and the free states of the North
• March 7, 1917
  First jazz record "Dixie Jazz Band One Step", recorded by Nick LaRocca Original Dixieland Jazz Band, is released by RCA Victor in Camden, New Jersey
• March 7, 1926
  First transatlantic telephone call occurs between London and New York
• March 7, 1935
  Germany regains possession of the Saarland after plebiscite in Saar indicates a desire of 90.3 percent to join Germany
• March 7, 1936
  Germany inform foreign ministers of the re-occupation of the Rhineland in violation of the Treaty of Versailles, and outline a peace plan including 25-year non-aggression pacts for all countries bordering on Germany
• March 7, 1951
  Haj Ali Razmara becomes the third Iranian prime minister to be assassinated
• March 7, 1991
  Iraq continues to explode oil fields in Kuwait during its repeal
• March 7, 2009
  NASA launches from Cape Canaveral in Florida the unmanned Kepler telescope to orbit the Sun to search for Earth-like planets with the potential to host life

March 6

• March 6, 1475
  Michelangelo Buonarroti, painter, sculptor and architect, is born
• March 6, 1521
  Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan complete crossing the Pacific Ocean in 99 days, renames the South Sea as the Pacific Ocean, and lands at the island of Guam
• March 6, 1665
  Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society, a scientific journal published by the Royal Society of London, starts publishing
• March 6, 1714
  Peace of Rastatt is signed by French emperor and Charles VI of Habsburg to put an end to state of war between them from the War of the Spanish Succession
• March 6, 1728
  Spain and England sign Treaty of El Pardo, effectively ending end to the Anglo-Spanish War
• March 6, 1820
  The Missouri Compromise is signed by President James Monroe, providing for the admission of Missouri into the Union as a slave state, but prohibited slavery in the rest of the northern Louisiana Purchase territory
• March 6, 1836
  Battle of the Alamo ends with defeat for Texan separatists and murder of all the Alamo defenders after fighting for 13 days during the Texas Revolution in Mexico
• March 6, 1899
  German pharmaceutical company Friedrich Bayer registers Aspirin, brand name for acetylsalicylic acid, with the Imperial Patent Office in Berlin
• March 6, 1944
  United States Air Force begins daylight bombing of Berlin
• March 6, 1957
  Ghana, formerly Gold Coast, declares independence from United Kingdom, with Kwame Nkrumah as Prime Minister
• March 6, 1986
  USSR's Vega 1 flies by Halley's Comet at 8,889 km

March 5

• March 5, 1198
  The Teutonic Knights, religious Catholic order, are established as a military order in a ceremony at Acre in Palestine
• March 5, 1496
  English King Henry VII hires John Cabot, an Italian navigator, to explore new lands
• March 5, 1616
  The Catholic Church's Congregation of the Index ban Catholics from reading "On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres" by Nicholas Copernicus
• March 5, 1766
  Spanish official Antonio de Ulloa arrives in New Orleans to take possession of the Louisiana Territory from the French
• March 5, 1770
  British troops taunted by a crowd of colonists fire on an unruly mob in Boston and kill five citizens in what came to be known as the Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1824
  The British Empire annexes Burma, also known as Myanmar, with start of Anglo-Burmese Wars
• March 5, 1868
  Stapler patents in England by C.H.Gould
• March 5, 1931
  Mohandas Gandhi and British viceroy of India Lord Irwin sign pact, in which the British Government agree to free all political prisoners, in return for the suspension of the civil disobedience movement
• March 5, 1946
  Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech occurs in Fulton, Missouri, marking the beginning of Cold War
• March 5, 1953
  Joseph Stalin, a Soviet leader responsible for 9 to 15 million deaths from executions, Gulag camps, ethnic deportations, and famines, dies at age 73, which marks start of a period of moderate social and economic liberalization
• March 5, 1970
  The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, goes into effect
• March 5, 1972
  The Godfather, an American crime film directed by Francis Ford Coppola, is released in New York City
• March 5, 1998
  NASA announces that the Clementine probe orbiting the Moon has found enough water in polar craters to support a human colony and rocket fueling station
• March 5, 2013
  Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela, dies
• March 5, 2013
  Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina is elected the 266th pope, whereupon he takes the name Francis and becomes the first pope from the Southern Hemisphere after resignation of Benedict XVI, who becomes the first to do so since Gregory XII in 1415

March 4

• March 4, 581
  Yang Jian, a Northern Zhou official, murders Zhou royalty and proclaims himself emperor Wen, beginning Sui Dynasty in reunited China after the period of Southern and Northern Dynasties
• March 4, 1152
  Frederick I Barbarossa is elected German King in Frankfurt
• March 4, 1193
  Saladin, a Kurdish sultan of Egypt and Syria, dies
• March 4, 1386
  Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, is crowned as King of Poland Władysław II by archbishop Bodzanta
• March 4, 1461
  Henry VI is deposed and the Duke of York is proclaimed King as Edward IV
• March 4, 1665
  English King Charles II declares war on Netherlands after the Dutch Smyrna fleet open fire on English warships near Dutch colonies, beginning the Second Anglo-Dutch War for control over the seas and trade routes
• March 4, 1681
  King Charles II grants William Penn royal charter for 48,000 square miles that later became Pennsylvania
• March 4, 1774
  William Herschel becomes the first to sight the Orion Nebula
• March 4, 1793
  George Washington is inaugurated as President for the second time talking the shortest speech with just 133 words
• March 4, 1797
  Vice-President John Adams, elected President on December 7, to replace George Washington, is inaugurated as second President of United States
• March 4, 1848
  Statuto Albertino, a Constitution of Kingdom of Sardinia, is proclaimed by King Charles Albert
• March 4, 1897
  William McKinley is inaugurated as the 25th President of the United States
• March 4, 1919
  Communist International, also known as the Third International, is established by 52 delegates present from 21 countries on the Founding Congress at the Kremlin, Moscow
• March 4, 1997
  U.S. President Bill Clinton bars federal funding for any research on human cloning
• March 4, 2000
  Sony Corporation releases the PlayStation 2 video game system in Japan, selling one million units on the first weekend

March 3

• March 3, 1067
  Prince Vseslav of Polotsk is defeated by joined forces of Iziaslav I of Kiev, Vsevolod, and Sviatoslav II of Kiev in the bloody battle on the Niamiha River
• March 3, 1613
  Mikhail Romanov, son of Patriarch Philaret of Moscow, is elected czar of Russia by a national assembly called Zemsky Sobor, ending the long period of difficulties and establishing of the House of Romanov over Russia
• March 3, 1634
  First tavern in Boston opens by Samuel Cole
• March 3, 1638
  Protestant troops under the command of Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar occupy city of Rheinfelden in Switzerland
• March 3, 1707
  Aurangzeb, the 6th Mughal Emperor, dies at age 88, marking the enter of the Mughal Empire in a long decline when the Maratha Empire slowly replaces it
• March 3, 1843
  Daniel M'Naghten, a Scottish woodturner who assassinated English civil servant Edward Drummond, mistaken him for British Prime Minister Robert Peel, is found not guilty by reason of insanity, which becomes known as M'Naghten rules
• March 3, 1845
  Florida becomes 27th state of the USA
• March 3, 1861
  Russian Emperor Alexander II issues a manifest which ends feudal control of serfs and abolishes serfdom in Russian Empire, as part of a program of westernization
• March 3, 1875
  The opera Carmen, composed by Georges Bizet, opens in Paris at the Opera-Comique
• March 3, 1875
  The first recorded hockey game takes place in Montreal
• March 3, 1878
  Treaty of San Stefano ends the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 and recognizes formal independence of the Principality of Serbia, Montenegro and Romania from the Ottoman Empire and makes Bulgaria autonomous
• March 3, 1878
  Montenegro is recognized by the Ottoman Empire as an independent state when it became a monarchy
• March 3, 1885
  AT&T, American Telephone and Telegraph, is incorporated as a subsidiary of Bell Telephone to build and operate a long distance network
• March 3, 1886
  The Treaty of Bucharest concludes the Serb-Bulgarian war, re-establishing prewar Serbo-Bulgarian borders but leaving Eastern Rumelia and Bulgaria united
• March 3, 1918
  Bolshevik government of Russia signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, by which they surrender large territories to Germany, and formally withdraw from World War I
• March 3, 1922
  Italian fascists occupy Fiume and Rijeka
• March 3, 1923
  Time Magazine, the first weekly news magazine in the United States, is first published
• March 3, 1933
  German Presidential candidate and the leader of the Communist Party of Germany Ernst Thälmann is arrested by the Gestapo
• March 3, 1959
  British government arrests the leader of the Malawi Congress Party Hastings Banda along with hundreds of other Africans, ending emergency crisis
• March 3, 1969
  French maiden flight of Concorde 001 supersonic jet, from Toulouse
• March 3, 1974
  One of the world's worst air disaster occurs, Turkish DC-10 crashes in Paris, France, 346 die
• March 3, 1986
  The first paper is published describing the Atomic force microscope, invented the previous year by Gerd Binnig, Calvin Quate and Heinrich Rohrer

March 2

• March 2, 1127
  Charles the Good, Count of Flanders, is hacked to death with broadswords during praying in the church of Saint Donatian, Bruges, by members of influential Erembald family
• March 2, 1836
  Republic of Texas declares its independence from Mexico
• March 2, 1848
  Universal male suffrage is enacted in France, for the first time in the World
• March 2, 1855
  Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia, dies of pneumonia, and his son becomes Emperor Alexander II
• March 2, 1867
  The first Reconstruction Act is passed by Congress to help former Confederate States to be re-admitted to the Union
• March 2, 1936
  Adolf Hitler issues final orders for troops to re-occupy their former garrison posts in Rhineland towns
• March 2, 1943
  Sea battle in Bismarck Sea finishes, United States and Australia win over Japan
• March 2, 1946
  Ho Chi Minh is elected President of North Vietnam
• March 2, 1956
  The French protectorate is ended and Morocco regained its independence from France by the French-Moroccan Agreement
• March 2, 1969
  Dmitri Shostakovich, a Russian composer, completes his 14th Symphony
• March 2, 1972
  Pioneer 10, an American space probe, is launched for Jupiter flyby
• March 2, 1995
  Top quark, the last of six known quarks, a fundamental constituent of matter, is discovered by Collider Detector at Fermilab
• March 2, 1998
  Data sent from the Galileo probe indicates that Jupiter's moon Europa has a liquid ocean under a thick crust of ice
• March 2, 2008
  Dmitry Medvedev is elected President of Russia with 72 percent of total votes, to succeed Vladimir Putin in May and appointing his as Prime Minister