August 25

• August 25, 325
  First Council of Nicaea ends with condemnation of Arian Christianity and establishing the doctrine of the Holy Trinity
• August 25, 357
  Julian, Augustus in the Roman Empire, beats the Alamanni tribal confederation under paramount king Chnodomar in the Battle of Strasbourg
• August 25, 383
  Gratian, Emperor of Rome, is murdered
• August 25, 1270
  Louis IX, King of France, dies on The Eighth Crusade, which is decimated by the Plague
• August 25, 1499
  Ottoman fleet defeats Venetians at the Battle of Zonchio
• August 25, 1515
  Spanish conquistadors under Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar founds Havana in island of Cuba
• August 25, 1530
  Ivan the Terrible, the first tsar of Russia, is born
• August 25, 1543
  Portuguese ships land on the Japanese Island of Tanegashima and introduce the arquebus to Japan beginning the Nanban trade period between Portugal and Japan
• August 25, 1580
  Spain defeat Portugal in the Battle of Alcântara, the decisive battle of the Spanish King Philip II for the Portuguese throne
• August 25, 1609
  Galileo demonstrated his first telescope to Venetian lawmakers
• August 25, 1689
  English–allied Iroquois takes Montreal
• August 25, 1758
  The Prussians lose 12,800 men and the Russians lose 18,000 men during Battle of Zorndorf, which ends with inconclusive results
• August 25, 1765
  In protest over the stamp tax, American colonists sack and burn the home of Massachusetts governor Thomas Hutchinson
• August 25, 1776
  David Hume, a Scottish philosopher and historian, dies
• August 25, 1819
  James Watt, a Scottish inventor, dies
• August 25, 1825
  Uruguay, supported by the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, declares independence from Brazil
• August 25, 1830
  Theatergoers who have just watched a nationalistic opera in Brussels start Belgium revolts against Netherlands
• August 25, 1835
  New York Sun publishes Moon hoax story, a series of six articles about the supposed discovery of life and even civilization on the Moon
• August 25, 1875
  Matthew Webb becomes the first person to swim across the English Channel, traveling from Dover, England, to Calais, France, in 21 hours and 45 min
• August 25, 1900
  Friedrich Nietzsche, a German philosopher, dies
• August 25, 1944
  French General Charles de Gaulle enters liberated Paris
• August 25, 1981
  Voyager 2 makes the closest approach to Saturn
• August 25, 1989
  First close up pictures of Neptune are taken by spacecraft Voyager 2
• August 25, 1991
  Belarus declares independence from Soviet Union and changes the name to the Republic of Belarus

May 29

• May 29, 1176
  At the Battle of Legnano, the cavalry of Frederick Barbarossa is defeated by the infantry of the Lombard League
• May 29, 1453
  Constantinople falls to Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II and the last reigning Byzantine Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos is killed, marking end of the Byzantine Empire
• May 29, 1555
  Peace of Amasya, singed between Shah Tahmasp and Suleiman the Magnificent, ends Ottoman–Safavid War and gives most of Iraq, including Baghdad, to the Ottoman Empire, while the Persians retain north-western territories in the Caucasus
• May 29, 1652
  English Admiral Robert Blake drives out Dutch fleet under Lieutenant-Admiral Tromp during the First Anglo-Dutch War
• May 29, 1660
  English King Charles II, returning from exile, lands at Dover ending the Puritan Commonwealth of England and bringing the monarchy back, which becomes known as the English Restoration
• May 29, 1677
  King Charles II and 12 Virginia Indian chiefs sign a treaty that establish a 3-mile non-encroachment zone around Indian land
• May 29, 1692
  An English and Dutch fleet beat France near Barfleur
• May 29, 1765
  Patrick Henry, an American attorney, denounces the Stamp Act before Virginia's House of Burgesses during his speech "Give me liberty, or give me death!"
• May 29, 1790
  Rhode Island, the state largely founded by Baptists fleeing persecution in Massachusetts, becomes the last of the 13 original colonies to ratify the United States Constitution
• May 29, 1831
  Great Bosnian uprising against Ottoman rule occurs
• May 29, 1851
  Freed slave and abolitionist Sojourner Truth attends a national women's convention in Akron, Ohio, where she makes her famous anti-slavery speech "Ain't I a Woman?"
• May 29, 1874
  The present constitution of Switzerland, which introduces the facultative referendum for laws at the federal level, takes effect
• May 29, 1919
  Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity is tested and confirmed by Arthur Eddington's observation of a total solar eclipse in Principe and by Andrew Crommelin in Sobral, Brazil
• May 29, 1953
  Edmund Hillary, a New Zealand mountaineer, and Tenzing Norgay from Nepal become first to reach peak of Mount Everest in Nepal, the highest mountain on earth
• May 29, 1982
  In the Battle of Goose Green, British paratroopers defeat a larger force of Argentine troops in the first land battle of the Falklands War
• May 29, 1990
  Boris Yeltsin is elected Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR
• May 29, 1999
  Nigeria terminates military rule, and the Nigerian Fourth Republic is established with Olusegun Obasanjo as president
• May 29, 2005
  A French referendum on the draft European Union constitution votes 55 percent to reject it

March 22

• March 22, 1622
  First Indian massacre of whites in Jamestown led by the Powhatan chief Opechancanough results in 347 slain, a quarter of the population, triggering a costly 22-year war against the English
• March 22, 1638
  Anne Hutchinson, a religious dissident, is expelled from Massachusetts Bay Colony and moves to Rhode Island
• March 22, 1727
  Ismail Ibn Sharif, Moroccan ruler which have fathered 888 children through a harem of 500 women, dies
• March 22, 1733
  Joseph Priestly, an English theologian, invents carbonated water
• March 22, 1765
  The British government passes the Stamp Act, imposing a direct tax on all materials printed for commercial and legal use in the American colonies to help pay for troops stationed in North America
• March 22, 1775
  British statesman Edmund Burke presents his 13 articles to the House of Commons, urging the government to adopt a policy of reconciliation with America
• March 22, 1802
  After a 20-day siege Dessalines and his 1,300 men are forced to abandon strategically important fort and go into the Cahos Mountains through the enemy lines being largely intact
• March 22, 1894
  Hockey's first Stanley Cup championship game is played, the home team Montreal Amateur Athletic Association defeated the Ottawa Capitals, 3-1
• March 22, 1914
  World's first scheduled airline, Saint Petersburg - Tampa Airboat Line, begins
• March 22, 1957
  Republic of India adopts Saka calendar along with Gregorian
• March 22, 1995
  Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov returns to Earth after setting a record for 438 days in outer space
• March 22, 2006
  ETA, an armed Basque nationalist and separatist organization, declares a permanent ceasefire in their campaign for Basque independence from Spain

March 18

• March 18, 235
  Alexander Severus, Syrian emperor of Rome, is murdered by his troops. Maximinus Thrax becomes 27th Emperor of the Roman Empire
• March 18, 1167
  Battle of al-Babein between Kingdom of Jerusalem and Syrians for control of Egypt ends with draw
• March 18, 1314
  Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is burned at the stake along with his aides by order of King Philip IV of France, who was deeply in debt to the order
• March 18, 1442
  Forces of Kingdom of Hungary defeat the Ottoman Turks in Battle of Hermannstadt
• March 18, 1532
  English parliament bans payments by English church to Rome
• March 18, 1584
  Ivan IV the Terrible, Russian tsar, dies at age 53 and is succeeded by his weak-minded son, Fyodor I with duties handed over to his wife's brother and trusted minister Boris Godunov
• March 18, 1793
  Austria army beats France at Battle of Neerwinden
• March 18, 1871
  Paris Commune, a revolutionary and socialist government in Paris, is founded
• March 18, 1899
  Phoebe, a moon of Saturn, is discovered by American astronomer William Henry Pickering
• March 18, 1902
  Enrico Caruso, an Italian operatic tenor, becomes first well-known performer to make a gramophone record
• March 18, 1913
  George I, king of Greece, is assassinated by socialist Alexandros Schinas at age 67
• March 18, 1915
  Turkey's Canakkale Sea Victory against allied powers occurs during Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign
• March 18, 1920
  Greece adopts the Gregorian calendar
• March 18, 1921
  Polish-Soviet War ends with Peace of Riga, by witch the disputed territories in Belarus and Ukraine are partitioned between Russia and Poland, and Russia surrender works of art and other Polish national treasures acquired from Polish territories after 1772
• March 18, 1925
  60-kmps Tri-State Tornado, the deadliest tornado in U.S. history, speed through Missouri, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee killing 689
• March 18, 1948
  France, Great Britain, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg sign Treaty of Brussels, contains a mutual defence clause and provides a basis to foundation the Western European Union
• March 18, 1959
  President Dwight D Eisenhower signs Hawaii Admission Act, which admits the Hawaii into the United States as the 50th state
• March 18, 1965
  First human space walks occurs, when Cosmonaut Alexey Leonov, leaves his spacecraft Voskhod 2 for 12 minutes
• March 18, 1970
  Cambodian Prince Norodom Sihanouk flees after military coup under General Lon Nol during Cambodian Civil War
• March 18, 1974
  Most Arab oil-producing nations end embargo against United States
• March 18, 1978
  Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan, is sentenced to death by hanging for ordering the assassination of a political opponent
• March 18, 1980
  Fifty people are killed at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia, when a Vostok-2M rocket explodes on its launch pad during a fueling operation
• March 18, 2000
  Chen Shui-bian, one of the founders of Democratic Progressive Party, is elected President of the Taiwan ending Kuomintang rule for the first time