July 10

• July 10, 138
  Roman emperor Hadrian dies and Antoninus Pius succeeds
• July 10, 552
  Armenian calendar, the traditional calendar of Armenia, begins
• July 10, 1057
  According to a legend, Lady Godiva, an Anglo-Saxon noblewoman, rides naked on horseback throughout Coventry in order to gain a remission of the oppressive taxation imposed by her husband
• July 10, 1460
  Richard of York defeats King Henry VI at Northampton during Wars of Roses. Henry is captured and taken to London to serve as a figurehead
• July 10, 1546
  Schmalkaldic War begins between the forces of Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire and the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League within the domains of the Holy Roman Empire
• July 10, 1584
  William the Silent, Count of Nassau, and first stadholder of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, is assassinated by Burgundian Balthasar Gérard with a handgun
• July 10, 1609
  The Catholic states in Germany set up a league under the leadership of Maximillian of Bavaria
• July 10, 1679
  The British crown claims New Hampshire as a royal colony
• July 10, 1690
  At the battle of Beachy Head French fleet defeats Anglo-Dutch fleet during Nine Years' War
• July 10, 1747
  Persian ruler Nadir Shah is assassinated in his sleep by Salah Bey, captain of the guards, and stabbed with a sword
• July 10, 1778
  In support of the American Revolution, Louis XVI declares war on England
• July 10, 1796
  Carl Friedrich Gauss, a German mathematician, discovers that every positive integer could be represented as a sum of at most three triangular numbers
• July 10, 1918
  Soviet Russian Republic is renamed the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic by the Russian Constitution of 1918
• July 10, 1923
  All non-fascist parties are disolved in Italy
• July 10, 1925
  USSR's official news agency TASS is established
• July 10, 1940
  German Luftwaffe fly for Britain, who fights alone against the Axis Powers, starting the Battle of Britain, 3-month-long aerial bombing campaign during the Second World War
• July 10, 1944
  Lucien Pissarro, a landscape painter and printmaker, dies
• July 10, 1973
  Bahamas gains independence after 300 years of British rule
• July 10, 2000
  Bashar al-Assad is confirmed as President of Syria in a national referendum
• July 10, 2003
  The last of the original Volkswagen Beetle cars, produced for 69 years and produced in number of over 21 million, is built at the assembly plant in Mexico

June 16

• June 16, 1487
  Henry VII beat John de la Pole at the Battle at Stoke, the last battle of the Wars of the Roses
• June 16, 1671
  Stenka Razin, Cossack rebel leader, is tortured and executed in Moscow
• June 16, 1755
  British capture Fort Beauséjour during French and Indian War and expel the Acadians, who move to destinations like Maine and Louisiana
• June 16, 1779
  Spain, in support of the US, declares war on England
• June 16, 1815
  Napoleon defeat the Prussians under Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher at the Battle of Ligny, Belgium
• June 16, 1824
  The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals is formed at Old Slaughter's Coffee House in London under the direction of Arthur Broome
• June 16, 1875
  In Paris, France, the first stone is laid for the Sacré-Cœur basilica in Montmartre, dedicated in honor of casualties during the Franco-Prussian War
• June 16, 1903
  Ford Motor Company, an American automaker, incorporates in Detroit
• June 16, 1940
  Marshal Philippe Pétain takes over the government, and immediately calls for a ceasefire after Paul Reynaud resigns as Prime Minister of France
• June 16, 1960
  Psycho, a psychological thriller-horror film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, considered one of the greatest films of all time, is released
• June 16, 1963
  Valentina Tereshkova from Soviet Union becomes the first woman in space
• June 16, 1976
  Student uprisings begin in Soweto, South Africa, in response to the introduction of Afrikaans as the medium of instruction in local schools
• June 16, 1977
  Leonid Brezhnev is named president of USSR
• June 16, 1989
  A crowd of 250,000 gathers at Heroes Square in Budapest for the historic reburial of Imre Nagy, the former Hungarian prime minister who had been executed in 1958
• June 16, 2009
  The first summit of BRICS economic bloc, an international association of emerging national economies created by Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, begins

May 4

• May 4, 1471
  The Yorkists under King Edward IV defeat the Lancastrian forces of ex-queen Margaretha in the Battle of Tewkesbury, in which the 17-year-old prince of Wales, Edward, is killed
• May 4, 1626
  Peter Minuit becomes director-general of New Netherlands after Indians sold Manhattan Island for $24 in cloth and buttons
• May 4, 1776
  Rhode Island become the first of the original Thirteen Colonies to declare independence from British rule
• May 4, 1799
  In India Tipu Sultan, the sultan of Mysore, is defeated and killed in a battle against 5,000 British soldiers who stormed and razed his capital, Seringapatanam
• May 4, 1814
  Bourbon reign is restored in France as Louis XVIII returns in Paris from Great Britain
• May 4, 1858
  In the Mexican War of Reform liberals established their capital at Vera Cruz
• May 4, 1904
  United States continue construction of Panama Canal left by France because of high mortality due to disease
• May 4, 1919
  May Fourth Movement, an anti-imperialist and political movement in China, begins with student demonstration against decision of Paris Peace Conference allowing Japan to receive Chinese territories in Shandong
• May 4, 1979
  Margaret Thatcher, the leader of the Conservative Party, becomes the first female prime minister of Great Britain
• May 4, 1990
  Latvia's parliament votes 138-0 for independence