July 10

• July 10, 138
  Roman emperor Hadrian dies and Antoninus Pius succeeds
• July 10, 552
  Armenian calendar, the traditional calendar of Armenia, begins
• July 10, 1057
  According to a legend, Lady Godiva, an Anglo-Saxon noblewoman, rides naked on horseback throughout Coventry in order to gain a remission of the oppressive taxation imposed by her husband
• July 10, 1460
  Richard of York defeats King Henry VI at Northampton during Wars of Roses. Henry is captured and taken to London to serve as a figurehead
• July 10, 1546
  Schmalkaldic War begins between the forces of Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire and the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League within the domains of the Holy Roman Empire
• July 10, 1584
  William the Silent, Count of Nassau, and first stadholder of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, is assassinated by Burgundian Balthasar Gérard with a handgun
• July 10, 1609
  The Catholic states in Germany set up a league under the leadership of Maximillian of Bavaria
• July 10, 1679
  The British crown claims New Hampshire as a royal colony
• July 10, 1690
  At the battle of Beachy Head French fleet defeats Anglo-Dutch fleet during Nine Years' War
• July 10, 1747
  Persian ruler Nadir Shah is assassinated in his sleep by Salah Bey, captain of the guards, and stabbed with a sword
• July 10, 1778
  In support of the American Revolution, Louis XVI declares war on England
• July 10, 1796
  Carl Friedrich Gauss, a German mathematician, discovers that every positive integer could be represented as a sum of at most three triangular numbers
• July 10, 1918
  Soviet Russian Republic is renamed the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic by the Russian Constitution of 1918
• July 10, 1923
  All non-fascist parties are disolved in Italy
• July 10, 1925
  USSR's official news agency TASS is established
• July 10, 1940
  German Luftwaffe fly for Britain, who fights alone against the Axis Powers, starting the Battle of Britain, 3-month-long aerial bombing campaign during the Second World War
• July 10, 1944
  Lucien Pissarro, a landscape painter and printmaker, dies
• July 10, 1973
  Bahamas gains independence after 300 years of British rule
• July 10, 2000
  Bashar al-Assad is confirmed as President of Syria in a national referendum
• July 10, 2003
  The last of the original Volkswagen Beetle cars, produced for 69 years and produced in number of over 21 million, is built at the assembly plant in Mexico