June 19

• June 19, 1821
  The Ottomans defeat the Greeks at the Battle of Dragasani
• June 19, 1862
  Congress prohibits slavery in all current and future United States territories
• June 19, 1867
  Mexican Emperor Maximilian is executed on the orders of Benito Juárez by a firing squad in Queretaro
• June 19, 1953
  Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, who were convicted of conspiring to pass U.S. atomic secrets to the Soviets, are executed by electric chair at Sing Sing Prison in Ossining, New York
• June 19, 1961
  Kuwait regains complete independence from Britain
• June 19, 2014
  King Juan Carlos I of Spain abdicates in favor of his son, who ascends the Spanish throne as King Felipe VI

April 14

• April 14, 1792
  After declaration issued by Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II and Frederick William II of Prussia against the French Revolution, France declares war on Austria, starting French Revolutionary Wars which lead into the Napoleonic Wars
• April 14, 1841
  American author Edgar Allan Poe publishes his short story "The Murders on the Rue Morgue", considered the first detective
• April 14, 1847
  Persia and Ottoman Empire sign second Treaty of Erzurum, settling boundary disputes between countries
• April 14, 1853
  Harriet Tubman, an African-American abolitionist, begins her Underground Railroad, a network of secret routes to help slaves to escape
• April 14, 1859
  Charles Dickens' "A Tale Of Two Cities" is published
• April 14, 1860
  First Pony Express rider arrive in San Francisco with mail originating in St. Joseph, Missouri
• April 14, 1865
  John Wilkes Booth, an actor and Confederate sympathizer, fatally shoots US President Abraham Lincoln at a play at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C.; Andrew Johnson becomes 17th President of the United States
• April 14, 1894
  Thomas Edison makes his first public showing of the kinetoscope in New York City showing moving pictures through a magnifying lens
• April 14, 1900
  French President Emile Loubet opens International Fairs in Paris, France
• April 14, 1912
  RMS Titanic, a British passenger liner, sinks in the North Atlantic after hitting with an iceberg during her maiden voyage which causes the deaths of 1,502 people
• April 14, 1927
  In Sweden, Volvo produces its first production line car, Volvo OV 4, in Gothenburg, which has a 28-hp 4-cylinder engine, and costs 4800 kronor
• April 14, 1931
  The Second Spanish Republic is proclaimed in Madrid, Spain after King Alfonso XIII left the country following municipal elections
• April 14, 1935
  The great dust storm in the United States hits eastern New Mexico and Colorado, and western Oklahoma the hardest, which greatly damages the ecology and agriculture and forces tens of thousands of families to abandon their farms
• April 14, 1978
  Thousands of Georgians demonstrate against an attempt by Soviet authorities to change the constitutional status of the Georgian language
• April 14, 2003
  The Human Genome Project, an international scientific research project, is successfully completed, with 99 percent of the human genome sequenced to 99.99 percent accuracy
• April 14, 2010
  In Iceland, a volcano buried under the Eyjafjallajokull glacier erupts, sending up a massive ash cloud that prompts the closure of airports in parts of Europe

March 20

• March 20, 1413
  Henry IV, King of England, dies in the house of the Abbot of Westminster and is succeeded by Henry V
• March 20, 1602
  The Dutch East India Company, a powerful company, possessing quasi-governmental powers, is chartered by the States-General of the Netherlands to carry out trade and colonial activities in Asia
• March 20, 1727
  Sir Isaac Newton, physicist, mathematician and astronomer, dies in London
• March 20, 1739
  In India, Nader Shah of Persia defeats the Mughals at the Battle of Delhi, then occupies and sacks Delhi taking possession of the Peacock Throne, a famous jeweled throne of the Mughal emperors
• March 20, 1760
  Great Fire of Boston destroys 349 buildings
• March 20, 1799
  Napoleon Bonaparte begins the siege of Acre defended by Turks, which becomes the turning point of Napoleon's invasion of Egypt and Syria
• March 20, 1815
  Napoleon Bonaparte with his veterans enters Paris after escape from imprisonment on the island of Elba, beginning his Hundred Days rule
• March 20, 1848
  King Ludwig I of Bavaria abdicates in favour of his eldest son Maximilian, with beginning of revolutions in the German states
• March 20, 1852
  Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe, a novel based on the theme that slavery is incompatible with Christianity, is first published in book form after being serialized
• March 20, 1854
  The Republican Party is founded when former members of the Whig political party met to establish a new political party that would oppose the spread of slavery into the western territories
• March 20, 1890
  Young German emperor Wilhelm II fires republic chancellor Otto Von Bismarck
• March 20, 1964
  European Space Research Organization is established by 10 European nations for scientific research in space
• March 20, 1995
  Members of the Aum Shinrikyo religious cult release sarin gas on five separate railway trains in Tokyo, killing 12 and injuring 4700