August 19

• August 19, 1099
  Crusaders led by Frankish knight Godfrey of Bouillon beat Fatimid forces at Battle of Ascalon
• August 19, 1399
  King Richard II of England surrenders to his cousin Henry Bolingbroke, who returns to England to claim his inherited lands
• August 19, 1493
  Maximilian I succeeds his father Frederick III, who bleeds to death after the amputation of his left leg, as Holy Roman Emperor
• August 19, 1524
  Emperor Charles V's troops besiege Marseille
• August 19, 1692
  Five women are hanged in Salem, Massachusetts after being convicted of the crime of witchcraft
• August 19, 1700
  Russia declares war on Sweden
• August 19, 1772
  Gustav III of Sweden eliminates the rule of parties, becoming almost an absolute monarch
• August 19, 1779
  Americans under Major Henry Lee take the British garrison at Paulus Hook, New Jersey
• August 19, 1821
  Navarino Massacre, a massacre of Turkish civilian population during Greek War of Independence, occurs
• August 19, 1871
  Orville Wright, aviation pioneer, is born in Dayton, Ohio
• August 19, 1934
  One day before the death of Reichspräsident Paul von Hindenburg, Chancellor of Germany Hitler and his cabinet issue a decree, that dissolves the office of the president and make Hitler Führer of Germany
• August 19, 1942
  United States Marines land on Guadalcanal, Solomon Island starting the first American offensive in Pacific in World War II
• August 19, 1953
  Mohammad Mosaddegh, Prime Minister of Iran and the leading champion of secular democracy, is deposed in Iran by the British MI6 and the American CIA
• August 19, 1988
  Iran and Iraq begin a cease-fire after eight years of war
• August 19, 1991
  Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev is put under house arrest while vacationing in the Crimea during a coup, during the failed coup attempt, led by Vice President Gennady Yanayev and seven hard-liners, and collapsed in less than 72 hours