July 12

• July 12, 1191
  Crusading army under King of England Richard I Lionheart captures Acre after two-years siege during Third Crusade
• July 12, 1346
  Edward III lands his army on the Normandy beaches unopposed
• July 12, 1536
  Desiderius Erasmus, a Dutch humanist and priest, dies
• July 12, 1543
  England's King Henry VIII marries his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr
• July 12, 1561
  The Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow, begun in 1555, is completed under the reign of Ivan the Terrible to celebrate the conquest of the Khanate of Kazan
• July 12, 1691
  William III defeated the allied Irish and French armies at the Battle of Aughrim, Ireland
• July 12, 1790
  The French Assembly approve a Civil Constitution of the Clergy providing for the election of priests and bishops
• July 12, 1794
  British Admiral Lord Nelson lost his right eye at the successful siege of Calvi, in Corsica
• July 12, 1806
  The Confederation of the Rhine is established from 16 German states, including Principality of Liechtenstein, by Napoleon in Paris
• July 12, 1856
  William Walker, an American, declares himself president of Nicaragua
• July 12, 1864
  President Abraham Lincoln becomes the first standing president to witness a battle as Union forces repelled Jubal Early's army on the outskirts of Washington, D.C
• July 12, 1878
  A Yellow Fever epidemic, which claimed about 20,000 people, begins in New Orleans
• July 12, 1988
  USSR launches Phobos II for Martian orbit
• July 12, 2006
  Israeli troops invade Lebanon beginning 2006 Lebanon War in response to Hezbollah kidnapping two Israeli soldiers and killing three

June 9

• June 9, 53 BC
  Parthians crush Roman army at battle of Carrhae, killing general Marcus Licinius Crassus
• June 9, 68
  Nero, Roman Emperor, commits suicide, ending the Julio-Claudian Dynasty
• June 9, 922
  French chose Robert I as King of France
• June 9, 1064
  Ferdinand I, the Count of Castile, conquers the city of Coimbra, modern-day Portugal
• June 9, 1456
  Pope Callixtus III excommunicates the apparition of Halley's Comet, believing it to be an ill omen for the Christian defenders of Belgrade from the besieging armies of the Ottoman Empire
• June 9, 1660
  Louis XIV marries Maria Teresa, the daughter of Philip IV of Spain, as part of the Treaty of the Pyrenees
• June 9, 1732
  Royal charter for Georgia is granted to British general James Oglethorpe by George II, for whom the colony is named
• June 9, 1940
  King Haakon VI of Norway flees to London, England after Norway falls to German forces
• June 9, 1955
  "Rock Around the Clock by Bill Haley and His Comets" becomes the first Rock & Roll song to top the U.S. record charts, bringing rock and roll to the American mainstream
• June 9, 2008
  Afghan and British forces uncover a stash of 237 tonnes of hashish in Kandahar province of Afghanistan, believed to be the world's biggest seizure of drugs by weight

May 30

• May 30, 1381
  Peasants' Revolt begins in Essex, England due to the high taxes resulting from the conflict with France during the Hundred Years War
• May 30, 1416
  Jerome of Prague, a Czech church reformer and one of the chief followers of Jan Hus, is burned as a heretic at the Council of Constance
• May 30, 1431
  Joan of Arc, the leader of the French army during Hundred Years War, condemned as a heretic by an English-backed church court, is burned at the stake in Rouen, France, at age 19
• May 30, 1434
  An army of Utraquists and Catholics, called the Bohemian League, defeat the radical Taborites and Orphans, led by Prokop the Great and Prokop the Lesser, who both fell in the battle of of Lipany, which marks the end of the Hussite wars
• May 30, 1498
  Columbus departs with six ships for third trip to America
• May 30, 1536
  English king Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour
• May 30, 1588
  The Spanish Armada of 130 ships with 30,000 men under Alonso Pérez de Guzmán leaves Lisbon for England
• May 30, 1635
  Emperor Ferdinand II and Electorate of Saxony representing most of the Protestant states of the Holy Roman Empire sign Peace of Prague, which effectively beings to an end the civil war aspect of the Thirty Years' War
• May 30, 1814
  In Paris, France, the Treaty of Paris is signed, bringing peace between Great Britain and her allies and France and returning France to its 1792 borders
• May 30, 1848
  Mexico ratifies the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ending Mexican–American War and giving US New Mexico, California and parts of Nevada, Utah, Arizona and Colorado in return for $15 million
• May 30, 1854
  The Kansas-Nebraska Act, passed by the US Congress, repeals the Missouri Compromise and allows people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders, opens north slavery
• May 30, 1866
  The Bartered Bride, the comic opera written by Bedřich Smetana, the father of Czech national music, is first performed at the Provisional Theatre, Prague
• May 30, 1868
  The United States establish Memorial Day, initially Decoration Day, to honor Union soldiers killed in the Civil War, later expanded to honor all soldiers killed in the service of the country
• May 30, 1896
  1,389 people die during a human stampede on Khodynka Field in Moscow, Russia during the festivities following the coronation of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II
• May 30, 1942
  1047 bombers attack Cologne, dropping 915 tons of incendiaries and 840 tons of high explosives during Operation Millennium with 41 aircraft as total loss of British planes
• May 30, 1968
  French president Charles de Gaulle dissolves the National Assembly and calls for new parliamentary elections as a result of May 1968 protests in France
• May 30, 1975
  European Space Agency, an intergovernmental organization dedicated to the exploration of space, forms

April 29

• April 29, 1091
  Byzantium Emperor Alexios I Komnenos beats Pechenegs, a semi-nomadic Turkic people of the Central Asian steppes, at the Battle of Levounion
• April 29, 1289
  Al Mansur Qalawun, the seventh Mamluk sultan of Egypt, captures city of Tripoli ending the Crusader County of Tripoli
• April 29, 1429
  As a French sortie distracts the English troops on the west side of Orleans, Joan of Arc enters unopposed by its eastern gate, bringing greatly needed supplies and reinforcements and inspiring the French to a passionate resistance
• April 29, 1661
  Chinese Ming dynasty occupies Taiwan
• April 29, 1672
  King Louis XIV of France invades the Netherlands beginning Franco-Dutch War
• April 29, 1707
  English-Scottish parliament accept Act of Union and form Great Britain
• April 29, 1859
  Austria starts Second Italian War of Independence with Sardinia after the King of Sardinia denies to complete demobilization of the Sardinian army, which draws France into the conflict
• April 29, 1882
  The Electromote, a forerunner of the trolleybus, is given its first trial run by Ernst Werner von Siemens in Berlin, Germany
• April 29, 1942
  Jews forced to wear a Jewish Star in Netherlands and Vichy-France
• April 29, 1970
  50,000 US and South Vietnamese troops invade Cambodia during escalation the Civil War
• April 29, 1982
  Iran begins offensive on several axes – Bostan, Susangerd, the west bank of the Karun River, and Ahvaz forcing the Iraqi forces to retreat during the Iran–Iraq War
• April 29, 2006
  The Global Night Commute, organized by the makers of the film Invisible Children, takes place in over 130 cities around the world to show support for Ugandan children who walk every night into city centers attempting to avoid capture by the Lord's Resistance Army
• April 29, 2011
  Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Catherine Middleton wed at Westminster Abbey in London

April 24

• April 24, 1547
  Emperor Charles V decisively dismantles the Protestant League of Schmalkalden at the Battle of Muhlberg
• April 24, 1558
  Queen Mary Stuart of Scotland marries French crown prince Francis
• April 24, 1704
  The Boston News-Letter is established, the first successful newspaper in U.S
• April 24, 1854
  Emperor of Austria s Franz Joseph I marries Elisabeth of Bavaria, also known as the Sisi
• April 24, 1888
  Eastman Kodak, a company produced the Kodak Camera, is formed by George Eastman
• April 24, 1915
  Massacre of Armenians by Turks begins as part of Armenian genocide in the Ottoman Empire, during which over 1 million Armenian was deported and killed
• April 24, 1916
  In Dublin, Ireland, the Irish Republican Brotherhood launches the Easter Rebellion, an armed uprising against British rule
• April 24, 1926
  Germany and the Soviet Union sign the Treaty of Berlin which states that if one country is attacked, the other is to remain neutral
• April 24, 1967
  Vladimir Komarov, a Soviet cosmonaut, becomes the first to die in space, aboard Soyuz 1 at age 40
• April 24, 1980
  Operation Eagle Claw, a US commando mission in Iran to rescue American embassy hostages, is aborted and eight United States troops are killed in a mid-air collision during the failed operation after mechanical problems ground the rescue helicopters
• April 24, 1990
  The Hubble Space Telescope, a space telescope to observe in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared spectra, is launched
• April 24, 2007
  Gliese 581 c, a potentially habitable Earth-like extrasolar planet, is discovered in the constellation Libra by La Silla Observatory
• April 24, 2013
  An eight-storey commercial building collapses in Savar Upazila near the Bangladeshi capital of Dhaka, leaving 1,129 dead and becoming the deadliest non-terrorist structural collapse in modern times

April 5

• April 5, 1242
  At the Battle on the Ice the Republic of Novgorod under 20-year-old Prince Alexander Nevsky defeat the Livonian branch of the Teutonic Knights halting the Northern Crusades directed against pagans and Eastern Orthodox Christians
• April 5, 1462
  Ivan III becomes the Grand Prince of Moscow starting the uniting Russia
• April 5, 1614
  American Indian princess Pocahontas, daughter of chief Powhatan, marries English Jamestown colonist John Rolfe in Virginia, bringing a temporary peace between the English settlers and the Algonquians
• April 5, 1632
  The Swedish and Imperial armies exchange cannon fire for six hours, killing 2000 of the Swedish force, and 3000 of the Imperial force. Tilly is fatally wounded; Maximilian and the army escape during the night to Ingolstadt
• April 5, 1648
  Spanish troops and feudal barons struck down people's uprising in Naples
• April 5, 1722
  Jacob Roggeveen, a Dutch explorer sent to find Terra Australis, discovers on Easter Sunday a Polynesian Island 1400 miles from the coast of South America and names it Easter Island
• April 5, 1762
  British take Grenada, West Indies, from French
• April 5, 1768
  The world's oldest English-speaking chamber of commerce forms in New York City, New York
• April 5, 1794
  Georges Danton, French revolutionary leader, is guillotined along with Marie-Jean Herault de Sechelles, French author, politician, and Camille Desmoulins, popular journalist during French Reign of Terror
• April 5, 1795
  Treaty of Basel between Prussia and France marks end of First Coalition in French Revolutionary Wars
• April 5, 1856
  Booker T. Washington, an African-American educator, is born in Franklin County, Virginia
• April 5, 1933
  United States President Franklin Roosevelt issues Executive Order 6102, requiring public to turn in gold certificates, bullion, and coins for placement in the Federal Reserve
• April 5, 1939
  Membership in Hitler Youth, the youth organization of the Nazi Party, becomes obligatory in Germany
• April 5, 1951
  American communists Julius and Ethel Rosenberg are sentenced to death for espionage and transmitting nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union, becoming the only two American civilians to be executed for espionage during the Cold War
• April 5, 1974
  World's tallest building, the World Trade Center opens in New York City