July 12

• July 12, 1191
  Crusading army under King of England Richard I Lionheart captures Acre after two-years siege during Third Crusade
• July 12, 1346
  Edward III lands his army on the Normandy beaches unopposed
• July 12, 1536
  Desiderius Erasmus, a Dutch humanist and priest, dies
• July 12, 1543
  England's King Henry VIII marries his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr
• July 12, 1561
  The Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow, begun in 1555, is completed under the reign of Ivan the Terrible to celebrate the conquest of the Khanate of Kazan
• July 12, 1691
  William III defeated the allied Irish and French armies at the Battle of Aughrim, Ireland
• July 12, 1790
  The French Assembly approve a Civil Constitution of the Clergy providing for the election of priests and bishops
• July 12, 1794
  British Admiral Lord Nelson lost his right eye at the successful siege of Calvi, in Corsica
• July 12, 1806
  The Confederation of the Rhine is established from 16 German states, including Principality of Liechtenstein, by Napoleon in Paris
• July 12, 1856
  William Walker, an American, declares himself president of Nicaragua
• July 12, 1864
  President Abraham Lincoln becomes the first standing president to witness a battle as Union forces repelled Jubal Early's army on the outskirts of Washington, D.C
• July 12, 1878
  A Yellow Fever epidemic, which claimed about 20,000 people, begins in New Orleans
• July 12, 1988
  USSR launches Phobos II for Martian orbit
• July 12, 2006
  Israeli troops invade Lebanon beginning 2006 Lebanon War in response to Hezbollah kidnapping two Israeli soldiers and killing three