July 9

• July 9, 118
  Hadrian, Rome's new emperor, makes his entry into the city
• July 9, 455
  Avitus, the Roman military commander in Gaul, becomes Emperor of the West
• July 9, 1386
  Old Swiss Confederation, a loose confederation of independent small states in modern-day Switzerland, defeats Habsburg army at the Battle of Sempach, during which Duke of Austria Leopold III dies
• July 9, 1401
  Timur, a Turko-Mongol monarch, destroys Baghdad and massacres 20,000 of its citizens
• July 9, 1595
  Johannes Kepler, a German mathematician and astronomer, inscribes geometric solid construction of universe
• July 9, 1755
  British troops are defeated at Fort Duquesne during French and Indian War and General Edward Braddock is mortally wounded
• July 9, 1789
  In Versailles, the French National Assembly, formed by the representatives of the Third Estate of the Estates-General, declares itself the Constituent Assembly and begins to prepare a French constitution
• July 9, 1790
  The Swedish navy is victorious over the Russian navy at Svenskund in the Baltic Sea sinking or capturing 50-64 Russian ships, and killing or capturing 7,000-9,000 men
• July 9, 1797
  Edmund Burke, Irish-born British statesman and founder of modern conservatism, dies
• July 9, 1816
  Congress of Tucumán, a representative assembly consisting of 33 deputies, issues the Declaration of Independence of the United Provinces of South America, also called the Argentine Republic
• July 9, 1850
  Zachary Taylor, the 12th president of the United States, dies of cholera at the age of 65 after serving only 16 months and is succeeded by Millard Fillmore
• July 9, 1893
  Daniel Hale Williams, an African-American general surgeon, performs the first successful heart surgery on a teenager in Chicago
• July 9, 1915
  Germany surrenders South West Africa to Union of South Africa
• July 9, 1943
  Allied forces launch amphibious invasion of Sicily, starting the Italian Campaign of World War II and triggering fall of Mussolini's regime
• July 9, 1962
  Andy Warhol, a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art, shows in his first one-man gallery exhibition the artwork Campbell's Soup Cans
• July 9, 1980
  Seven people are crushed to death in a crowd meeting Pope John Paul II during his visit in Brazil
• July 9, 2002
  The Organization of African Unity is officially disbanded and replaced by the African Union