July 23

• July 23, 1759
  Russians under Saltikov defeat Prussians at Kay in eastern Germany, and one-fourth of Prussian army of 27,000 lost
• July 23, 1785
  Prussia's King Frederick the Great forms Fürstenbund, an alliance of mostly Protestant princes in the Holy Roman Empire to oppose the long-cherished ambition of Joseph II to add Bavaria to the Habsburg domains
• July 23, 1829
  William Austin Burt, an American inventor, receives a patent for his typographer, a forerunner of the typewriter
• July 23, 1868
  The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is ratified, granting freed slaves full citizenship and equal protection under the laws, however it did not spell out the extent of integration with white America
• July 23, 1920
  British East Africa Protectorate is turned into a colony and renamed Kenya, for its highest mountain
• July 23, 1952
  A military junta in Egypt under command of Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrows King Farouk and proclaims republic
• July 23, 1967
  Massive riot erupts in Detroit after confrontation between police officers and African American bar patrons leaving in 5 days, 43 people dead, 467 injured, and thousands of buildings destroyed
• July 23, 1972
  First Earth Resources Technology Satellite is launched for obtaining information on agricultural and forestry resources, geology and mineral resources
• July 23, 1985
  Commodore International introduces the Amiga 1000 computer, which features custom color graphics and stereo sound processors, a multitasking, windowing operating system