July 28

• July 28, 1148
  The siege of city of Damascus by a combined force of crusaders fails ending in a decisive crusader defeat in Second Crusade
• July 28, 1540
  Thomas Cromwell, King Henry VIII's chief minister, is executed
• July 28, 1576
  Martin Frobisher, English navigator, discovers Frobisher Bay in Canada
• July 28, 1751
  In France the first volume of the Encyclopedie, edited by Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert, is published with a print run of 1,625
• July 28, 1794
  French revolutionary leader Maximilien Robespierre and 22 other followers are executed to thunderous cheers, marking end of the Reign of Terror, a period of violence against counter-revolutionary activities
• July 28, 1809
  Arthur Wellesley leads the Anglo-Spanish army to triumph against a French army under the Spanish King Joseph Bonaparte at Talavera de la Reina, some 120 kilometers southwest of Madrid
• July 28, 1821
  Peru declares its independence from Spain
• July 29, 1830
  Bourbon monarchy is overthrown during the July Revolution after attempt of Charles X to limit the political and civil rights, so the ascent of his cousin Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans, becomes constitutional monarch of France
• July 28, 1851
  Total solar eclipse is captured on a daguerreotype photograph at at the Royal Observatory in Königsberg, Prussia
• July 28, 1914
  Austria-Hungary invade the Kingdom of Serbia after the last reject an unacceptable ultimatum to Serbia including demand of the person who killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand, starting World War I
• July 28, 1914
  The Foxtrot is first danced by Harry Fox at New Amsterdam Roof Garden, New York City
• July 28, 1915
  United States marines land in Haiti to safeguard the interests of U.S. corporations, staring almost 20-years-long occupation of Haiti
• July 28, 1932
  U.S. President Herbert Hoover orders the U.S. Army to forcibly evict the Bonus Army of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, D.C., demanding the immediate payment of their military bonus